The aim of the cub scout programme is to support children in their growth and to guide the child to work together with others. The cornerstone of the programme is learning by doing.
Structure of the programme
The cub scout programme includes 35 paw marks (activity packs), each consisting of 6-12 steps (activities). All steps of a paw mark have been classified as obligatory or optional. The first four steps are always obligatory. From the chosen paw mark, you have to take the obligatory steps and at least two of the optional ones. The order of the steps is not important. There are usually 4-6 optional steps, from which the akela and the cubs choose the ones that are most suitable for the pack.
The programme starts with the Welcome to scouting paw mark, every step of which is obligatory. The programme is completed with the transition paw mark, with which the cub scout programme ends and of which, according to possibilities, you take all of the steps.
The obligatory steps usually cover the basic skills every cub scout should get a chance to practice. The optional steps give flexibility and possibilities to customize the requirements for the activities. The cub scouts choose the optional steps together with their akela. With new cub scouts you can choose the easier steps, while for third year cub scouts you can create a more challenging activity pack.
The paw marks have been divided into four sections according to the educational goals, and at least one paw mark from each section should be completed during the scouting year. The first year you complete the welcome to scouting paw mark and at least one paw mark from each of the four sections. The cub scouts choose the steps together with their akela. During a scouting year, you complete 6-10 paw marks. In a three-year long cub scout period, a typical number is 24 completed paw marks.
The paw marks can be worked one or more at a time. For every completed paw mark, the cub scout gets a fabric paw mark badge to sew on the right sleeve of their uniform. It’s a good idea to award the badges as soon as the steps are taken – this way the cubs get their expected reward right away!
Choosing paw marks
When choosing paw marks or steps the akela should include the cub scouts in the process. You can let the cubs choose from two options or they can decide which of the optional steps they want to take. With third year cub scouts, discuss together which paw marks are not completed and which ones they want to complete. It’s important to include the cub scouts in the planning and implementation of their own programme.
In the programme, it’s key to practise and learn basic skills. It’s a good idea to be versatile and adventurous in choosing different kinds of paw marks. The akela’s task is to make sure the cub scouts get the essential skills and knowledge of the age section. In three years the pack has enough time to complete paw marks that include traditional scout skills but also ones with activities the cub scouts wish to try.
The paw marks and the steps have both descriptions and goals. It’s important to reach the goals, working with the scout method. If the akela has an idea on a better way to do an activity with their pack, it’s ok to adapt the paw mark or step so it fits the purpose.
Every akela proceeds in a way that fits the pack. The amount of paw marks completed can vary annually. Paw marks can also be completed on expeditions or camps, and the pack members’ sleeves might be decorated with different paws. The focus in the cub scout programme should be on quality, not on quantity.
When to award the badge?
The paw mark is complete when all the agreed steps to be included are taken. When the paw mark is completed, the cub scout is awarded a paw mark badge. The badges can be awarded, according to the local scout group’s traditions, in the cub scouts’ own meetings, on expeditions or in the local scout group’s festive events, like the Christmas party or on St. George’s day.
It’s recommended to award the paw mark badges more often than 1-2 times a year. Half a year is a long time for a 7-9 year old to wait for a badge. It’s a good idea to award the badges as soon as all the steps for the paw mark are taken. This way the cub scout gets a reward for the work they did right away. Every local scout group can choose their own way to award the badges. It’s advisable to discuss this with all the leaders. It’s ok to create totally new traditions if needed.
Paw marks
Welcome to scouting paw mark
The Welcome to scouting paw mark is the first one a new cub scout completes. The Welcome to scouting paw mark gives the cub scout supplies in their backpack for their scout path. The paw mark includes 12 obligatory steps, which introduce the cub scout to their akelas, the pack and scouting in general. The paw mark badge is awarded when all the steps are taken. During the steps the cub scout also prepares for giving the scout promise, according to the traditions of the local scout group.
Paw marks during a scouting year
During a scouting year, paw marks can be worked with in two different ways.
Way 1: Paw marks completed one by one.
Way 2: Several paw marks are worked on simultaneously.
A paw mark of your own
A paw mark of your own is a paw mark whose content is planned by the local scout group or the scout district. The paw mark needs to include at least six activities suitable for cub scouts. The paw mark needs to be given goals and descriptions of the steps. The paw mark of your own can be completed for example on the local scout group’s summer camp or the scout district’s day. The organizer of the event decides the steps and takes care of that the activities are challenging, interesting and suitable for cub scouts.
You can attach an identifier for specifically the occasion to the badge for a paw mark of your own. For example, sew sequins on it as a sign of the scout district’s carnival themed city competition or draw the head of a bear after a Teddy bear summer camp. You can complete more than one paw marks of your own. In the Handbook of a cub scout there is only room for one, but at the end of the book there are empty pages where you can register more paw marks of your own.
Transition paw mark
In the last cub scout season, usually in the spring, you complete the transition paw mark. The transition paw mark includes 6 steps, and all of them are taken. Part of the steps require the future adventurer leader’s presence, so they can´t be taken “by the book” if you don’t know who the next season’s adventurer leader is going to be. For the transition paw mark the cub scout doesn´t get a badge, but at the end they get a metallic conclusion badge, a cub paw. The badge is attached on the left pocket of the scout uniform when starting as an adventurer to remind the scout of their time as a cub scout.
The handbook of a cub scout
The handbook of a cub scout is the cub scouts’ own book. There are several ways to use the book, and the akela chooses the one that fits the pack.
The activities the cub scout has participated in are registered in the book. The pack can make a stamp of the pack logo, and then the cub scouts can stamp the steps they have taken in their own book. The book has a paw mark beside every step so you can stamp there. You can also use your finger as a stamp. The akela confirms a completed paw mark with their signature when all the steps are taken. Inside the book’s cover the cub scout can follow how many paw marks are completed.
On the left page in the book there is always the paw mark and on the right page some tips and activities. The activities can be used as help for the evening meetings when learning something new. The book has a lot of pictures that can be used when getting familiar with things, like for example camp pictures before going on a camp.
The promotion from the cub scout pack into an adventurer team can be a tough spot for the cub scout. Often the familiar and safe leader is replaced by a new one. The akela should pay attention to the transition and make sure it happens according to a plan. The transition is part of the scout path, not a separate event. The akela has to make sure the cub scouts understand that though the upcoming programme is new and different, it’s still a part of familiar and safe scouting. The akela’s task is to encourage the cub scouts to promote themselves into adventurers.
The purpose of the transition is to lower the threshold between the pack and the adventurer team and to prepare the cub scout for life as an adventurer. In the best-case scenario, the cub scouts experience the transition as an exciting phase and are enthusiastic about it.
It’s possible, especially when the whole pack promotes at the same time, that the akela becomes the adventurers’ leader. To be an akela and then change to be an adventurer leader requires understanding and know-how from the adult. When the age section changes, also the leadership and the programme change. It’s not appropriate that the activities continue the same way in the adventurer programme; the transition into a new age section has to happen for real.
Usually cub scouts promote into adventurers around the age of nine, but some cub scouts may have to wait longer. It’s good to talk about the time of the promotion with the other leaders in the local scout group. The promotion should not happen too early. It’s important that the children feel safe right away. Arrange an event for the promotion, so the cub scouts experience the situation as festive and feel welcome in the new group. At the end of the promotion the cub scouts get a metallic conclusion mark, a cub scout paw on a pin, that is worn until the end of the scout path on the left pocket of the scout uniform.
The promotion event
An important part of the transition is the promotion event. It can be an evening at the scout hut, a day-long event or an excursion. You can arrange it on the cub scouts’ last spring, on summer camp or as a start during autumn. The new adventurer leaders should, if possible, participate in carrying out the event. The promotion event is arranged as a common event for all cub scouts of the local scout group that are promoting to adventurers at the same time.
The promotion event can include an exciting “baptism” or other ceremony suitable for the local scout group. At the promotion event every child can make their own adventurer’s symbol for their neckerchief. It can be made of for example metal, leather or wood. When the new season and the adventurer programme actually begins, the new team starts with the adventurers welcome – phase.
The district or area arranges at least once a year a day-long cub scout event. At the event, the cub scout learns new scout skills, works together in a big group and can be proud of their hobby and their local scout group. The cub scout event can be for example a functional district day, cub scout day or cub scout skills competition.
District or cub scout day
A cub scout day can be for example a day-long event with a frame story. Completing a paw mark can be included. The event’s organizer decides the content of the paw mark. Some of the steps can be instructed for the packs to do independently before or after the event. The steps have a shared theme and form an entity from which you earn an “your own paw mark” badge. The event can also include a parade. Being part of a parade is already an experience for the cub scouts. The cub scouts get to march in their scout uniform in front of an audience.
Cub scout competition
A cub scout competition is a one day excursion on a route with control points where you complete tasks that are based on the scout programme and focus on strengthening the team spirit in the group. In cub scout competitions, boys and girls compete in the same series. The goal is to arrange an event that is a nice experience, learning how to work in a group. The competitive aspect is not highlighted. Havin fun, playing and enjoying the outdoors are highlighted instead. On the other hand, having a competition creates excitement, and the cub scouts learn to both win and lose fairly.
The competition often includes a background story, and the tasks follow the storyline. The tasks are based on the cub scout programme, and they are planned so that every member of the team can participate. Scoring is based mostly on fairness and good will, not the fulfillment of any specific plans. The task list or point list are not published before the event. The three best placings can be published, other placings not. Every participant gets acknowledged for good performance after the competition.
The competitions are carried out by walking a marked route from control point to control point; the route does not require orienteering. On the control point, competition staff give and assess the tasks. When the cub scouts reach a control point, they register with the competition staff and do the cub scout salute. The competition route is a couple of kilometers long and is walked through together with a grown up escort – this is how the cub scouts take their first steps moving in nature. The escort takes care of the cubs’ safety during the competition, but does not participate in completing the tasks.
Before the competition, the pack can prepare by taking the steps of the Scout competition paw mark in their meetings. In addition, rehearse key skills: using the knife properly, first aid and moving in nature. If the akela can’t participate as an escort, then ask another leader or another adult. In this case it’s good if the escort participates in the cub scout meetings before the competition, to prepare and discuss the competition rules and how things are done. The escort can be a cub scout’s parent, for example.
Planning the activities
The cub scout activities are based on weekly meetings at the scout hut, excursions, camps and visits. The activities are built around the paw marks. It’s important that the cub scouts learn the things listed in the educational goals for each paw mark. Executing the cub scout programme you have to take notice The varying surroundings and especially the different kinds of cub scouts in the pack have to be taken into account when implementing the programme.
The most important object of the programme is the cub scout. The cub scout programme and methods provide the cub scout with readiness, knowledge and skills. The pack’s actions have a big impact on how the cub scouts experience scouting. The cub scout doesn’t participate in scouting to become a balanced adult but to have fun and to learn new things. The excitement falls apart quickly if the activities aren’t experienced as fun.
The programme for the pack should be as variable and versatile as possible. The importance of planning cannot be stressed enough. By planning different types of meetings and splitting similar things into smaller parts or different meetings you can reduce the cubs’ frustration. Five orienteering meetings in a row will wear out anyone.
Everything you do in scouting should also have a deeper educational function. This doesn’t mean that the pack’s programme needs to be serious and done with a wrinkled brow. Rather, include play and stories, but the point of using them should also be carefully considered.
When making the activity plan, it is a good idea to start with the scout method, which includes the following things that should be present in your pack’s activities: committing to the scout values, scout symbols, progression, the patrol system, learning by doing, adult support, the good deed of the day and activities in nature. All of these things don’t have to fit into one meeting, but it’s important that in the long term, all things are equally included.
It’s advisable to also send the activity plan or calendar home with the cub scout, so the parents can, for example, reserve ice skates when skating is on the programme. For a child in the cub scout age it’s not enough to remind them about next time. In addition, you have to inform the parents with a note on paper, mail or by phone. For a visit somewhere else than the scout hut during a meeting, it’s enough to inform the homes about possible unusual hours and equipment needed. For excursions, a permission from the guardian is always needed. It’s a good practice to fix the dates for the excursions early and include them in the activity calendar right away. The akela should avoid making changes and communicating them on a short notice. A meeting can of course be cancelled on short notice due to illness, but all other information should be given well in advance.
Tips for planning the activities
The structure of a meeting
The pack evenings are the base of cub scouting. Through them, the cubs create a perception of scouting and what is done there. The most important goal for the pack evenings is to give the cub scouts a feeling of safety, close relationships, learning new things, developing skills and experiences that feed the imagination. This sets some challenges for the akela. Therefore it’s important to prepare carefully for each pack evening.
It’s worthwhile to plan the evening on paper or by computer. Don’t set too tight a timetable, instead plan some extra activities or games in case the actual programme takes less time than anticipated.
Every pack evening should follow the same routine. Repetition increases the cub scouts’ feeling of safety, when they know how to behave next. Especially routines in the beginning and the end of a meeting are important. Still the akela should not be too set in their ways: keep up the element of surprise although you have the routine. Variation in the course of a pack evening often created with contrasting activities. You can arrange a high-energy game before a peaceful task or a task that requires concentration. Have as many of the activities as possible outside.
There is no one right way to have a meeting. The akela is the one who hosts the meeting and therefore should have all threads in his/her hands. The akela’s own excitement affects how the cub scouts get excited about things. With cub scouts, lecturing is futile. The akelas should strive to engage, repeat, praise and encourage. He/she has to make sure everybody gets to participate and do things.
Learning new skills takes time. Everybody learns in different ways. One by listening, another one by watching and the third one by trying things themselves. That’s why it’s important that also the akela tries different ways. Different things take each their own time. Also reserve time for closure. Every akela has their own style, and that is a good thing. Consider the programme carefully and use versatile games, songs and stories as much as possible. Every activity should still have a meaning. It’s not useful to include too many learning activities in one meeting. It’s important to do things carefully and spend enough time. If you do everything in a hurry, it’s likely that something’s still going to be troubling the cub scout’s mind afterwards.
It’s good to introduce the subject of the learning to the cub scouts in a funny way. A game is an excellent choice. Almost every game’s rules can be modified so they fit the learning subject. By learning a couple of different games, you can create different variations to suit every need. Sometimes it’s good to repeat things you’ve already learned. Many skills demand active rehearsing and many meetings, you can’t learn them overnight. When rehearsing, you can go through the subject matter in different ways and take the learning deeper step by step. Sometimes it’s necessary to ask for extra help to the pack evening. Some special activities can by their nature require more than one adult to ensure safety. A visiting expert can also be a good way to boost your own knowledge. Visiting experts can bring welcome variation and excitement to the pack evening.
First meeting
The first pack evening is crucial when starting up with a new pack, because there the cub scouts create their impression of the akela and of scouting in general. The first pack evening should therefore be planned especially well. It’s important that the cub scouts feel welcome and that they get a happy picture of scouting. Functionality is a good way to start, for example a riotous introduction game.
What to do during the first pack evenings:
Restlessness
The cure for restlessness is planning ahead. There has to be something to do the whole time and, the instructions need to be clear and to the point. Don’t lecture, just let the group do things themselves. Start the meeting with active games to reduce energy, and then shift to the subject to be learned. Teaching doesn’t have to be boring: by using your imagination anything can be transformed into active doing and an object of interest!
Troublemaking born of boredom can be tackled with varied and interesting activities. The level of the activities and tasks has to be monitored and modified according to the learning ability of the pack. Too difficult tasks are frustrating and too easy tasks boring. Skillful learners can also help and teach others.
Sometimes the restlessness seems to go on and on, and the akela can feel they cannot bring the pack under control. If concentrating on a task is impossible, the best solution might be to forget about the activities and go outside to romp. If it’s only one or a few cub scouts creating truoble, it’s important to stick to the rules. The bad behaviour of a couple of cubs isn’t allowed to ruin the meeting for others. Talk with the troublemakers one by one or put them on a cooldown break. Sometimes getting a task with some responsibility can help calm a cub down; a clear role and a responsibility clarify the role in the pack for the cub and reduce the need for attention.
The members of a pack easily fall into different roles, where some advance and some disturb the activities. Observe your group: can you find the clown, the know-it-all, the “my-way”, the conciliator or the encourager? Some adopt a more dominant role, others prefer to withdraw. Sometimes different personalities collide, but the better the leader knows the members of the pack the easier it is to solve different situations.
Meeting routine
It’s a good idea to keep every pack evening to the same routine. Traditionally the pack evening begins punctually at the set time, with the starting routine or ceremony: a scout call, pennant ceremony, a song. Then an energy-releasing game. The game can also be played outside, before coming in for the starting routine. After this it’s time to learn new things, competitions, scout chores and planning together. End the evening with quieting down and the end routine: a scout call, a song, a story, calming down and being silent.
15 min: first a game outside, reducing energy levels and possibly leading to the theme of the evening
5 min: starting routine the pack’s way
15 min: learning new things, for example arts and crafts
10 min: a game to rehearse skills learned earlier
15 min: continue learning the new thing of the day or learn another thing
5 min: cleaning up the meeting place scout hut with the cub scouts
15 min: tell or read a story or have a prayer moment around a lantern and then ending routine the pack’s way
Cub scout excursions and camps
According to any cub scout, the excursions and camps are absolutely the best part of scouting. Excursions and camps offer the cub scouts experiences of success and a contact with nature. For many cub scouts, an excursion can be the first time away from home or first night without their parents. Unfamiliar camping places and leaders and unusual food might make some cub scouts nervous. But if the excursion is fun and safe, the cub scout dares to come again.
The excursion or camp has to be a memorable and cheerful experience. It’s important that they match the cub scout’s level of skills and development in every way. Prepare for the first excursion during a pack evening by talking about the upcoming excursion and possible fears the cub scouts might have. For the older cub scouts, you can give special tasks to carry out during the excursion.
A camp lasts three or more nights. The cub scouts usually participate at least in the local scout group’s summer camp. In addition to the local scout group’s camps, districts and areas organise camps, where the cub scouts get to enjoy the atmosphere of a jamboree.
Target of the excursion or camp:
Many local scout groups have their own camping sites. A familiar camping place makes it easier for the akela to plan and carry out the excursion or camp. He/she can focus on the cub scouts only. You can get good tips on nearby camping sites from the more experienced scout leaders in your local group.
Programme:
The first excursion can be so exciting for the cub scouts that the only theme you need is the excursion itself and getting to know nature. However, if the cub scouts don’t have enough things to do they easily get homesick. It’s essential that there is enough programme and that the leaders are willing to spend time with the cub scouts also during the activity-free time. The theme, paw mark and background story make the excursion and the related tasks more fun. It’s advisable to plan for some extra programme och games to have up your sleeve, to use if needed.
When planning the programme, pay attention to the weather. You may have to modify the programme due to the weather. The cub scouts do have energy to be outside all day, but for example the strength to carry their own gear might vary. It’s the akela’s task to ensure that the excursion isn’t either mentally or physically too demanding.
Equipment:
The most important thing is that the cub scouts have enough warm clothing and spare clothes according to the weather. Before the excursion you can arrange an equipment evening where you go through the equipment needed. It’s a good ida to include a list of the needed equipment in the information letter for the excursion or camp, so the parents can help the cub scouts pack their gear. Nevertheless, it’s good if the akela has some spare equipment, like socks and gloves. Somebody always forgets or misplaces their own. The akela has to keep an eye on the cub scouts’ equipment and for example advise them to change out of wet or dirty clothes.
Packing:
The equipment is packed in a backpack or another type of bag the cub scout can carry themselves. All of the equipment needs to be marked with the cub’s name, so they won’t be lost. It’s worthwhile to practice packing before the excursion at the scout hut and also at home with the parents, so the akela won’t have to pack dozens of sleeping bags. Remind the parents that all equipment doesn’t always have to be store bought. You can borrow gear from a friend or acquaintance or buy them used.
Catering:
Hungry cub scouts don’t feel safe and get homesick easily. Adequate food is one of the most important things necessary for a successful excursion . Pay attention to the length and timing of the excursion, storage possibilities and allergies when you plan the catering. Also make sure that the cub scouts drink enough water during the excursion.
Safety:
Don’t take any chances, play it safe. A good way to anticipate and avoid danger is to set rules with the cub scouts right away when you get to the camp site. Agree on where the cub scouts are allowed to go and where not to go, what to do and what not to do. Before the excursion it’s important that the akela checks out Suomen Partiolaisten safety and security guide.
Sleeping:
For a cub scout aged child, 8-10 hours is needed for a good night’s sleep. The leaders have to make sure the cub scouts get to sleep at least that much.
Going to bed should be a peaceful, unhurried process. Make sure everyone has a dry, warm enough sleeping bag and that everyone has done their evening routines, like brushing their teeth and going to the toilet. The cub scouts fall to sleep easier if you read or tell a story or sing an evening song. After silence, even the leaders have to be silent. Going to the toilet is allowed during the night. Tell the cub scouts where the leaders sleep and that it’s ok to wake the leaders up if needed. Ask the parents beforehand if there are any cub scouts that are bedwetters, so you can take them into consideration.
Homesickness:
The first overnight excursion can for some be the first night away from home without the parents. Camping circumstances and strange leaders can be a tough spot and homesickness strikes easily. A fun and exciting programme usually keeps thoughts happy, but sometimes the tears come anyway. The wait-it-out tactics don’t always work, and sometimes sad thoughts creep along into the sleeping bag.
A small camper can be comforted by holding, and a familiar leader can sleep next to the child. Sometimes homesick-pills help or a talk about everything that happened during the day and a promise of all the nice things that are going to happen next. Homesickness can also be discussed with the parents, but be wary of letting the homesick child talk with their parents on the phone. Sometimes a familiar voice gives comfort, but it can also trigger an even bigger feeling of wanting to go home. If the homesickness grows so big that nothing helps and the programme is of no interest, then it’s best to settle with the parents how to send the child home.
Camp baptism:
A “camp baptism” (leirikaste) can be arranged for the cub scouts that are first time on camp. At its best it’s a big experience for the cubs, at its worst they are so scared of it that they won’t come to the camp at all. The baptism can be exciting, but it has to be adjusted for the cub scouts. For many cub scouts it’s a memorable experience just to walk with their eyes tied. The best baptism is one that lifts the cub scouts’ self-esteem. Remember to think about safety, too.
An example of a camp baptism: Walk with the eyes tied along a rope. At intervals there are different tasks that every cub does according to their abilities: tying a sailor’s knot, feeling an object inside wet moss, reciting the scout promise or lightning an oil lamp. At the end the camp leader baptises the camper by for example tapping their shoulder gently with a stick.
After Talk:
On the way home or in the first meeting after the excursion you can discuss how the excursion succeeded: what was scary, fun or boring. It’s important that everyone has a good feeling about the excursion. Even though the cub scouts can’t accurately evaluate the excursion’s success, their comments give you an idea of which type of things to pay attention to when you plan the next one.
Example of programme and schedule for an excursion
Friday
17.00 Gather at the scout hut, walk to the bus (bus leaves 17.15)
18.00 Bus arrives at excursion site, walk to the cabin, settle in
19.30 Programme outside (ex. terrain games)
20.30 Evening snack
21.00 Calming orienteering with reflectors
Saturday
8.00 Wake up, morning routines
8.30 Flag raising, morning exercise
8.45 Breakfast
10.00 Morning programme: activities towards a paw mark
12.00 Making lunch on a camp cooker
14.00 Afternoon programme: continuing with the paw mark activities
17.00 Dinner
17.30–19 Sauna turns and hobby crafts
19.30 Evening programme: evening campfire
Sunday
8.00 Wake up, morning routines
8.30 Flag raising, morning words
8.45 Breakfast
11.00 Morning programme: packing and cleaning the cabin
12.15 Snack outside
12.45 Departure for return, walk to the bus (bus leaves 13.15)
14.00 Arrival at the scout hut
Sea scouting for cub scouts
Cub scouts that are part of a sea scouting local group get to know how to get around on or near water, in addition to the basic programme. The activities include activities on water, studying marine charts and learning knots. Cub scouts get no actual responsibility on the boats, but learn and try out what sailing or boating is. The cub scouts learn among other things how to wear a life jacket, knots and navigation marks.
Sailing trips are usually evening sailings, and the leaders take care of the sailing itself. Sometimes the cub scouts can come along for day-trips, too. The learning goal for a cub scout is being a safe passenger who knows what to do and what not to do.
Sea scouting activities in the cub scout programme
The cub scout programme includes four water themed paw marks: Canoeist, Traffic on water, Yachtsman and Seafarer. The paw marks are designed so that the cub scouts in sea scouting local groups complete the Traffic on water paw mark during their first year, the Yachtsman paw mark next year and the Seafarer paw mark the third year. In addition, the cub scouts complete other paw marks according to the normal instructions. Paw marks with a water theme can be completed by all cub scouts.
Suomen Partiolaiset – Finlands Scouter ry
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